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National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation is a ceremony that takes place at the White House every year shortly before Thanksgiving. The President of the United States is presented with a live domestic turkey, usually of the Broad Breasted White variety. Generally the National Turkey Federation and the Poultry and Egg National Board are involved. The ceremony dates back to the 1940s, with presidents occasionally sparing the bird presented to them; since 1989, during George H. W. Bush's first Thanksgiving as president, it has been an annual tradition for the president to "pardon" the turkey.〔Hesse, Monica. 2007. (Turkey Pardons, The Stuffing of Historic Legend ). ''The Washington Post'', November 21. (accessed November 22, 2007).〕
==History==
The presentation of a turkey to the President each year began in 1947 under President Harry Truman, and many sources erroneously attribute the origin of the turkey pardon to Truman. However, the Truman Library says that no documents, speeches, newspaper clippings, photographs or other contemporary records are known to exist that specify that he ever "pardoned" a turkey; there are records that he publicly admitted to eating at least some of them.〔〔Edwards, Cynthia. 2003. Did Truman pardon a Turkey? http://www.trumanlibrary.org/trivia/turkey.htm (accessed November 24, 2007).〕 The Eisenhower Presidential Library says documents in their collection reveal that President Dwight Eisenhower ate the birds presented to him during his two terms. President John F. Kennedy spontaneously spared a turkey on Nov. 18, 1963, just four days before his assassination. The bird was wearing a sign reading, "Good Eatin' Mr. President." Kennedy returned the massive 55-pound turkey to the farm, saying "we'll let this one grow."〔Bruce, Mary (November 22, 2013). (Obama pardons turkeys ... then they die ). ''ABC News''. Retrieved November 23, 2013.〕 At least one headline in the ''Los Angeles Times'' referred to it as a pardon, but Kennedy did not formally refer to it as such.〔(Presidential turkey pardons not as long a history as you might think ). ''NBC News''. Retrieved November 29, 2013.〕 Likewise, Richard Nixon also spared some of the turkeys given to him during his time as President.〔Lee, Jolie (Novbember 25, 2014). (Thanksgiving traditions: Turkey pardoning explained ). ''USA Today''. Retrieved November 25, 2014.〕
The first President on record issuing a "pardon" to his turkey was Ronald Reagan, who pardoned a turkey named Charlie and sent him to a petting zoo in 1987. The reference to it being a pardon was in response to criticism over the Iran-Contra affair, in which Reagan had been questioned on whether or not he would consider pardoning Oliver North (who had yet to be tried for his involvement in the affair); Reagan conjured the turkey pardon as a joke to deflect those questions.〔〔(The actual, surprising origin of presidential turkey pardoning ). ''MSNBC''. November 25, 2015.〕 Reagan did not pardon a turkey in his final year as President in 1988, but his successor, George H. W. Bush, instituted the turkey pardon as a permanent part of the presentation beginning his first year in office, 1989. Since then, at least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life. For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Park in Fairfax County, Virginia. From 2005 to 2009, the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida, where they served as the honorary grand marshals of Disney's Thanksgiving Day Parade. In 2010, 2011 and 2012,〔() NTF Chairman Presents President Obama with the National Thanksgiving Turkey]. National Turkey Federation. Retrieved February 20, 2013.〕 the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon, the estate and home of George Washington; Mount Vernon stopped displaying and accepting the turkeys due to the fact that they violated the estate's policy of maintaining its own historical accuracy (Washington never farmed turkeys). The 2013 and 2014 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg, Virginia, the estate of former Virginia governor (and prolific turkey farmer) Westmoreland Davis.〔Merica, Dan (November 27, 2013). (Where pardoned turkeys go to die ). ''CNN''. Retrieved March 24, 2014.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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